نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• نصرت اله عابدینی ¹
• پروین اسدپور کوفی ²

¹ استادیار مدیریت ورزشی، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور واحد گرمسار، سمنان، ایران.

² کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور واحد گرمسار، سمنان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: هدف پژوهش حاضر، تدوین و اولویت بندی راهبردها و پیامدهای واگذاری باشگاه‌های ورزشی دولتی به بخش خصوصی با استفاده از تکنیک سلسله مراتبی AHP بود.
روش: فرآیند انجام پژوهش در دو مرحله صورت پذیرفت. در مرحله اول جهت شناسایی راهبردها و پیامدهای واگذاری باشگاه‌های ورزشی دولتی به بخش خصوصی، با مرور ادبیات و پیشینه پژوهش، فهرستی از شاخص های راهبردها و پیامدهای واگذاری باشگاه های ورزشی دولتی به بخش خصوصی تنظیم گردید. روایی پرسشنامه با نظرخواهی از متخصصان و پایایی آن از طریق آلفای کرونباخ (81/0) مورد تائید قرار گرفت. در مرحله دوم، وزن نسبی و رتبه هر یک از شاخص های شناسایی شده، با نظرخواهی از 74 تن از مسئولین فدراسیون فوتبال، اساتید دانشگاهی و مدیران باشگاه ها از طریق تکینک فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) و با استفاده از نرم افزار اکسل محاسبه گردید.
یافته ها: یافته ها نشان داد که مهم ترین راهبردهای واگذاری باشگاه های فوتبال به بخش خصوصی به ترتیب شامل داشتن برنامه ی مدون استراتژیک مالی، وجود آژانس های تخصصی ویژه بازاریابی ورزشی، ایجاد اتحادیه های باشگاه‌ها و شفافیت در اطلاعات مالی بود. مهم ترین پیامدهای واگذاری باشگاه های فوتبال به بخش خصوصی به ترتیب شامل پیامدهای مدیریتی، اقتصادی و سیاسی بود.
نتیجه گیری: با توجه به یافته ها پیشنهاد می شود که با خصوصی سازی، ضمن آسان کردن تربیت مدیران حرفه ای، کیفیت مدیریت در باشگاه سرخابی ها افزایش و رونق اقتصادی فراهم می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• باشگاه ورزشی دولتی
• بخش خصوصی
• تکنیک سلسله مراتبی

موضوعات

• مدیریت ورزشی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Compilation and prioritization of strategies and consequences of handing over state sports clubs to the private sector using hierarchical technique (AHP) (case study: Esteghlal Club and Persepolis)

نویسندگان [English]

• Nusrat Allah abedini ¹
• parvin Asadpour kofy ²

¹ Assistant Professor of Sports Management, Payam Noor University

² Master's degree in sports management, Payam Noor University

چکیده [English]

Background and Purpose: The sports industry has become one of the important economic and social sectors worldwide due to its significant contribution to employment creation, income generation, gross domestic product growth, and cultural development. Within this industry, sports clubs play a fundamental role as professional organizations that can generate economic value through marketing, media activities, sponsorship, and commercial investments. In developed countries, many professional sports clubs are managed by private sectors, allowing them to benefit from specialized management, financial independence, and market-oriented strategies (Alonso Dos Santos & Calabuig Moreno, 2020). Football clubs, as among the most influential organizations in the sports industry, have increasingly moved toward professionalization and commercialization, where effective governance and sustainable financial models are essential for long-term success (Zhang et al., 2018). Privatization has been recognized as a potential strategy for improving club performance by increasing investment opportunities, enhancing managerial efficiency, strengthening financial transparency, and reducing dependence on governmental resources (Balwel & Tayachi, 2021; Bada & Magaji, 2017). However, the privatization process of sports clubs requires appropriate legal frameworks, transparent financial mechanisms, professional management, and effective control of political and administrative challenges to achieve successful outcomes (Gharehkhani et al., 2017; Shahlaee & Ghorbanalizadeh Ghaziani, 2015). In Iran, despite the significant social and economic importance of Esteghlal and Persepolis football clubs, their transition from state ownership to private management has faced various structural, financial, and managerial challenges. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing effective strategies and possible consequences of privatization is essential for developing a sustainable model for professional football clubs.
Methodology: The current research was applied in terms of purpose, and in terms of data collection, it was descriptive-analytical and field method. The research process was done in two stages. In the first stage, a questionnaire related to the indicators of handing over state sports clubs to the private sector was prepared and provided to the statistical community through literature review and research background. The statistical population was football federation officials with 18 people, university professors with 33 people and club managers with 23 people and a total of 74 people. The sampling method was full number and all the people of the society were selected as a sample. In the second step, the relative weight and rank of each index were analyzed using the Analytical Hierarchy (AHP) technique and Expert Choice software. Analytic Hierarchy Process is one of the most famous multi-criteria decision-making techniques that was first developed by Thomas L. in the 1970s. This technique examines complex problems based on their interactions and solves them by transforming them into a simple form. The basis of this decision-making method is based on pairwise comparisons in such a way that after the indicators are identified and the questionnaire is given to the subjects; a series of pairwise comparisons are made by the subjects. These comparisons show the weight of each index in line with the competing options evaluated in the decision. Finally, this process combines the matrices obtained from the pairwise comparisons to obtain the optimal decision.
Results: In general, it can be concluded that privatization has a very direct relationship with the economic development of the country, especially the prosperity of sports clubs, and is a very important step for a better economy and more opportunities, and it takes time to show results. In order to successfully implement privatization programs in sports, studying successful experiences of countries in the field of privatization can be very beneficial, but an important point that should be considered is the ability to generalize the results and consider the conditions and requirements of each country, which ultimately causes differences in the goals, methods, effects and success rate of privatization programs in sports. Considering the results obtained from the present study, it is suggested that the government, by accepting a competitive economy, provide a suitable platform for the privatization of Persepolis and Esteghlal clubs and implement the privatization of professional clubs. It is also suggested that an important step be taken towards privatization by widespread advertising among the fans and supporters of the two football teams Persepolis and Esteghlal.
Discussion: The present study was conducted with the aim of formulating and prioritizing the strategies and outcomes proposed by state-owned sports clubs, especially using the AHP hierarchical technique. Regarding the most important strategies proposed by the red clubs to the private sector from the official perspectives of the Football Federation, university clubs, and club managers, it shows that they were legal, political, and structural strategies, respectively, and no difference was observed between the three groups of the statistical population regarding the strategies of football clubs to the private sector. The contribution of sports to the national economy is directly related to the number of investments made in the sports sector, which in the current situation, due to the limitations and bottlenecks that are part of the participation in the development of sports countries, is very low compared to developed countries. Persepolis and Esteghlal football clubs have a special and unique position in society, and on the other hand, these two clubs have a long history and are part of the history of the country.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the privatization of state-owned sports clubs, particularly Esteghlal and Persepolis football clubs, requires the implementation of comprehensive legal, political, and structural strategies to ensure successful transition and sustainable development. According to the AHP results, transparency in financial information, changing the government's role from direct management to supervision and leadership, and combating corruption and rent-seeking were identified as the most important strategies for effective privatization. Furthermore, managerial, economic, and political consequences were recognized as the major outcomes of transferring clubs to the private sector, with improvements in managerial efficiency, financial stability, and reduced political interference being among the key benefits. Therefore, successful privatization should be accompanied by professional management training, supportive legal frameworks, financial transparency, and competitive economic policies to enhance the performance of sports clubs and contribute to the growth of the sports industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Private sector
• public sports club
• hierarchical technique